Visual Stimulus Comprehension

*Visuals can be a picteures on their own or combined with words to convey meaning.
*Symbols,signs,maps,diagrams and storyboards use visuals for a purpose.
*All visuals contain a message. The message could be interpreted as a story,a warning,an advertisement or as information to educate or influence people to buy something or to take some action.

1.Understanding Symbols and Signs

*Symbols are internationally recognised visuals with a clear message.
*They are understood by people everywhere, no matter what language they speak.

Look at these familiar symbols used at airports, on road signs, etc, and their meanings.

           radioactive                                               handicap 

*Signs use symbols, colors, words or numbers to convey a message.

*Read signs can be a warning for driver safety (yellow signs), orders to be followed (red signs), or additional information (green signs).

*A sign with a cross through it signifies something cannot be done.

2.Understanding Maps

*Maps are a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features such as cities, roads, buildings, etc.

*These visuals offer a bird's eye view of the location of things on a flat surface.

*Maps may have symbols and a key to explain the symbols.

Study this map. Read the labels and understand what they mean. Read the instructions next to the map. Study the words in colour.

3.Understanding Diagram
*Diagrams explain how things work, describe a process or different parts of an object.

*They can use arrows to show movement or labels to name the parts.

Study this diagram and the text below on the lifecycle of a butterfly.

READING COMPREHENSION

READING COMPREHENSION

Within this page,the complex processes involved in reading comprehension are divided into three categories (much like the National Reading Panel Report). The categories include vocabulary instruction, text comprehension instruction, and teacher preparation and comprehension strategies instruction. You'll also find useful websites that students can visit to practice their use of comprehension strategies with fiction and non-fiction texts at a variety of reading levels.

            Answer: Page 41-42
1.How high is Everest?
       A.8848 feet
       B.29028 metres
       C. 29,028 feet
       D. 8848 metres
 2.In what way does Mount Everest change annually?
       A.It is shrinking by a very small amount.
       B.It is getting a little wider.
       C.It is shifting slightly to the north.
       D. It is growing a very small amount.
 3.Mount Everset is in the mountain range call the________.
       A.Rocky Mountains
       B.Andes
       C.Himalayas
       D.Alps
4.Who wanted to climb Mount Everest "because it's there"?
       A.George Mallory
       B.Edmund Hillary
       C.Tenzing Norgay
       D.Junko Tabei
5.The first team to successfully reach the summit was__________.
       A.George Mallory and Andrew Irvine.
       B.Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.
       C.George Mallory and Edmund Hillary
          D. Tenzing Norgay and Andrew Irvine.

6.Since 1953,how many people have reached the summit? 

       A.about 20

       B.fewer than 600

       C.exactly 600

       D.more than 600
             
           Answer: Page 59
A.Who is the central character of the Harry Potter books?
   - Harry Potter
B.Who is the evil wizard who fights against Harry?
   - Lord Voldemort
C.When did the idea for Harry'walk' into the author's head?
   - During her train trip from manchester to London
D.What was the firsr book in the Harry Potter series renamed as for the American market?
   - Harry Potter and Socerer's Stone
E.What does Harry learn to do in Hogwarts?
   - He learns to use magic and brew potions
F.Which platform does Hogwarts Express depart from?
   - Hogwarts Express departs from Platform 9 3\4

Skimming

Skimming

Skimming is a reading technique that can help you to

  • read more quickly.

  • decide if the text is interesting and whether you should read it in more detail.

Skimming is a fast reading technique.Use it to obtain the gist of a piece of text (i.e. to quickly identify the main ideas in the text)

How to Skim:

* Read the title.
* Read the introduction or the first paragraph.
* Read the first sentence of every other paragraph.
* Read any headings and sub-headings.
* Notice any pictures, charts, or graphs.
* Notice any italicized or boldface words or phrases.
* Read the summary or last paragraph.

Identifying Main Ideas

  • The main idea of a paragraph may be found in the first or last sentence, or even in the middle of the paragraph

  • If a main idea is repeated in a slightly different war, its meaning will often become clear.

  • Sometime,It is repeated in the closing sentence.

  • The main idea of a story tells what the story is mostly about. Details in a story provide more information about the main idea 

Part A.Underline the sentence with the main idea in each paragraphy

1.The sky could not fall down because there is nothing where we call 'sky'.Long ago,people thought the sun,moon and stars were at the top of the sky.They thought we lived inside a bowl that was turned upside down.
2.When you look at a rainbow, have you ever wondered if other people see the other side of rainbow at the same time ? You can see both sides of a bridge,because there are two sides. You only have to walk to see the other side of a bridge,but a rainbow has only only one side.
3.It is impossible to sleep with our eyes open. To keep them open needs effort,although the brain does this for you without having to think when you are awake.When you become sleepy,you relax and your eyelids
drop because of their own weight.
4.Most male birds have brighter feathers than female birds .Male birds better voices than female birds.All these come about because each male bird,when looking for a wife, likes to show off his coloured feathers . He also likes to attract the female bird by calling and singing to her.

Part B. (answer)
Q.1= b.Nerves are good carrier of messages
Q.2=a.Our vocal chords are amazing in what they can do (In My Opinion)

 Linking words- cause and effect relationship

  How to Use “Linking Words” to state Cause and Effect

Giving a reason (Cause)   Due to / due to the fact that
Owing to / owing to the fact that      Because   Because of   Since  As

"Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%."

"Owing to the demand, we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks."

If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject, verb and object), you must follow the words with the fact that.

Because / because of

Because of is followed by a noun.

"Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed."

Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. For example, "Because it was raining, the match was postponed."

"We believe in incentive schemes, because we want our employees to be more productive."

Since / as   Since  mean because.

"Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."

"As the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."

Giving a result (Effect)
Therefore
So      Consequently   This means that
As a result

Therefore, so, consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way.

"The company are expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they are taking on extra staff."   So is more informal.                                                                                                                         Review of Cause and Effect Linking Words

Bbefore you go on to work on the grammar and writing exercises in this unit, read through this brief review of linking words and phrases forcause and effect.There are three main types of linking words:conjunctions, transitions, and prepositions:

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EXERCISE Page 18

Understanding Cause and effect

Read the cause and write an effect. Then write one full sentence that states   the cause and effect.

1.   Cause:  A storm hit the city.

      Effect:  All the residents fled.

      Sentence:  A storm hit the city, so all the residents fled.

2.   Cause: I planted some trees.

      Effect: Trees grow.

      Sentence: Trees grow because I planted some trees.

3.    Cause: My sister stayed up past midnight.

       Effect: She relax a little and sleep a little.

      Sentence: My sister stayed up past midnight was the reason for the relax and sleep     a little.

4.   Cause: Lena missed school on Monday.

      Effect: Lena don’t study on Monday .

     Sentence: Lena don’t study on Monday was caused by the missed school on Monday.

5.   Cause: David signed up for French classes.

      Effect: David study French classes. David speaks French very well.

      Sentence: David signed up for French classes were the cause of the study French classes. David speaks French very well because of the signed up for French classes.

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 EXERCISE Page 20

 Understanding   Cause and effect

Read each sentence. Then complete the table.

1.                  Tony was away from school as he was in the hospital.

2.                Pen-chan was scared, so she called for help.

3.                 There was a strike and the buses did not ply.

4.               The plants died as there was no water.

5.                Eric forget his swimsuit and therefore could not swim.

6.                The street lights were switched on, so we could see our way.

7.                The match was abandoned when it rained.

8.               He lost control of his car as the brakes were faulty.

Cause	Effect	Linking word
1. he was in the hospital.	1. Tony was away from school.	1. as
2. Pen-chan was scared.	2. she called for help.	2. so
3. There was a strike.	3. the buses did not ply.	3. and
4. there was no water.	4. The plants died.	4. as
5. Eric forget his swimsuit.	5. could not swim.	5. and, therefore
6. The street lights were switched on.	6. we could see our way.	6. so
7. it rained.	7. The match was abandoned.	7. when
8. the brakes were faulty.	8. He lost control of his car.	8. as